If you disagree with a DVA decision, there are four stages of review available. Each stage has strict time limits — missing a deadline may permanently affect your right to appeal.
Stage 1 — Reconsideration (D9180): Request within 12 months of the decision. A different DVA delegate reviews your case. You can provide new evidence that was not available when the original decision was made. This is free, with no cost to you.
Stage 2 — Veterans' Review Board (D2136): Apply within 12 months of the reconsideration decision. The VRB is independent from DVA and conducts a fresh merits review — this means they start from scratch and consider all the evidence. VRB hearings are informal and non-adversarial. You do not need a lawyer and you can bring an advocate. Alternative Dispute Resolution is also available. Free, no cost.
From 21 April 2025: DRCA decisions now go to the VRB first. Before this date, DRCA veterans had to go directly to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (now the ART). This change is part of the single review pathway established by the VETS Act.
Stage 3 — Administrative Review Tribunal (ART): Apply within 28 days of the VRB decision. The ART is a formal tribunal (formerly the AAT — Administrative Appeals Tribunal). Legal representation is recommended. An application fee may apply but can be waived in certain circumstances. Legal aid may be available for veterans. The ART decision is binding.
Stage 4 — Federal Court: Appeal on a point of law only — within 28 days of the ART decision. This means the Federal Court can only consider whether the ART made a legal error, not whether the decision was right or wrong on its merits. Legal representation is required. Costs apply.
The single review pathway (Reconsideration, then VRB, then ART) now applies to all veterans under all Acts. This is part of the VETS Act reforms. Always verify time limits directly with DVA or a qualified advocate.